Enhancing Substance Use Disorder Recovery through Integrated Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions: A Comprehensive Approach to Treatment and Prevention
The total number of individuals experiencing substance use disorder grew to 296 million in 2021 from 240 million in 2011. Physical activity is an emerging pathway and tool to support long-term sustainable recovery. The authors of this publication reviewed the literature and found 23 eligible studies to present the benefits of physical activity within the recovery space.
The literature lists aerobic exercises, strength training, running, walking, mind-body exercises, and outdoor recreation as ideal SUD interventions, with walking found to be the safest option, especially for individuals with minimal physical condition or limited motor function capacity. Strength training has been shown to be a safe, feasible, and evidence-based method for enhancing strength and overall function, while yoga has been found to reduce confusion, fatigue, and tension.
Physical activity and exercise interventions have been found to improve both physical and mental health within the recovery population while also allowing individuals to build and improve critical life skills to support their long-term recovery, such as:
- Emotional regulation
- Leadership
- Increased willpower
- Responsibility
- Problem solving
- Improved motivation and willpower
- Decision making
- Communication
- Teamwork
- Group cooperation
- Creates a sense of community
- Opportunities for providing and receiving emotional support
- Goal setting
- Time management
- Social interaction skills
Research has shown that low- and moderate-intensity physical programs are more effective interventions than high-intensity activities, especially in the early stages of an individual’s recovery. Moderate-intensity interventions such as cycling, jogging, calisthenics, and stretching have been found to improve social, physical, and mental health for methamphetamine-dependent individuals and offer an effective recovery pathway. Outdoor activities, such as hiking, rock climbing, rafting, camping, and caving, result in higher levels of self-esteem, confidence, and an improved quality of life for individuals in recovery.
Key Takeaway: Exercise and physical activity interventions can help create a vibrant life for those in recovery and provide opportunities for individuals to develop and deploy newfound lifestyle, coping, and interpersonal skills that can lead to a fulfilling, sustainable, and long-term recovery for individuals within Iowa.